How to Use a Cane Properly and Safely

Whether you’re walking through the grocery store, visiting friends and loved ones, or  gardening, the right cane can help you continue doing the daily activities you enjoy. Especially as you age, or if you’re recovering from an injury, canes and other types of assistive devices for walking can ensure you maintain your independence while staying safe.

The key is choosing the right cane and learning the proper technique. Things like holding it in the hand opposite from where you need support don’t always come naturally! In this guide, we'll take through the steps to use your cane effectively, from selecting the right one to mastering proper form.

Who needs a cane?

People of all ages may need to use a cane at some point in their lives. In fact, out of the 24% of adults over 65 who use mobility devices, 16.4% of them use canes.

You may benefit from using a cane if you:

• Need help with balance or stability

• Have hip pain, arthritis, or pain in your leg

• Are recovering from an injury or surgery

• Have certain medical conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson's, vertigo, or MS

• Have impaired vision

Types of Canes

While borrowing a walking cane from a friend or family member may seem convenient, it might not be the best option. Having the right type of cane and the correct size can make a significant difference in your comfort and reduce the risk of falling.

For the most comfort, contact your healthcare provider or physical therapist and ask them to help you decide which assistive device is best for you. If you’re purchasing a used cane, ensure the rubber cane tip is still in good condition and provides good traction.

There are five main types of walking canes. No matter which type you choose, make sure it’s the right height, has a comfortable hand grip, and will support your body weight.

1. Single-point cane

A single-point cane resembles a walking stick, featuring a single shaft, single tip, and a rubber bottom. Single-point canes are lightweight, inexpensive, and offer moderate support. One potential downside is the fact that it doesn’t stay upright on its own and often falls to the floor.

2. Multiple point cane

Also known as either a tri cane or quad cane, this type has three or four points of contact with the ground for increased stability. It can stand on its own, making it more convenient than a single-point cane. When walking on uneven surfaces, this cane can feel a bit awkward but luckily that’s not a common issue for most people.

3. Rolling cane

A rolling cane features multiple points of contact with the ground, and two of those points are wheels. This design eliminates the need to pick the cane up with each step, but the wheels naturally make the cane a bit less stable. Some models include small baskets, allowing you to carry items like your phone, keys, or water bottle.

4. Folding cane

Folding canes are ideal for people who don’t use a cane all the time. Folding canes are easily portable and can fit into a purse or the basket of a scooter. They may have one or multiple points of contact with the ground. You should always make sure all the joints are securely in place after unfolding the cane to ensure safety and stability.

5. Seat cane

If you feel winded while walking, a seat cane is a great option. It provides walking support and also doubles as a seat for resting (the seat folds up against the cane when walking). However, these canes tend to be heavier, and the seat is usually small and lacking back support. 

If you find you need more stability than a cane provides, you might want to explore rollators or walkers instead.

How to hold a cane

First, you want to make sure the cane is the proper height for you. When standing straight with your arms relaxed at your sides, the top of the cane should reach the crease of your wrist.

Cane handles come in various shapes and sizes, some of which are more ergonomic than others. Try out a few options before deciding which is most comfortable for you.

Grip the cane with the hand opposite your weaker leg. For example, if your right leg is weaker due to injury or surgery, hold the cane in your left hand. Keep your arm slightly bent, with your wrist resting comfortably on the handle and your fingers wrapped around it. As you walk, maintain good posture, and remember that the cane is there to assist you, not to bear the full weight of your body.

How to walk with a cane—tips for beginners

Once you have the right cane and know how to hold it, it’s time to start walking. Keep these reminders and safety tips in mind:

• Always move the cane and the opposite leg together.

• Move the cane forward, then step forward with your weaker leg for optimal balance and support. The cane should make contact with the ground with each step.

• Don’t overextend your cane. Keep it close to your body. Overextending it may cause you to lean forward more, compromising your balance.

• Keep your gaze forward. Looking down not only makes you unaware of your surroundings but also affects your posture.

• Take small and steady steps. Large strides may throw off your center of balance, making it easier to fall.

• Wear proper footwear, especially when walking for longer periods. The ideal shoes are non-slip and have good support.

• When walking up or down stairs or curbs, use extra caution. To step up stairs, lead with your stronger leg and use a handrail if possible. Continue to use the cane as usual, raising or lowering it with each step as you go up or down. Take the stairs one at a time if necessary.

• Maintain a smooth and even walking rhythm. After a bit of practice, the cane will feel like a natural extension of your body.

When to replace your cane

Your need for a cane may be temporary, especially if you’re recovering from an injury. Many people, however, use their canes for extended periods of time. Most canes last up to two years with proper care. Of course, how long it lasts depends on various factors, including the material it's made out of, how often you use it, and the terrain you use it on.

If the rubber tip of the cane wears down, you can usually replace it rather than getting a new cane. However, if the cane becomes unstable or breaks, you should replace it immediately. If you experience discomfort in your wrist, arm, or shoulder, contact a healthcare professional. This type of pain could indicate improper use. It may also mean that the cane isn’t the right type or height for you or you need a different type of walking aid.

Where to buy a cane

You can buy canes in many stores. You can also shop for a cane online or in person at pharmacies, medical supply stores, department stores, and big-box retailers. Be sure to try out a few different types of canes, holding the cane on the opposite side of your weak leg, before deciding which one is right for you.

If using Medicare to purchase your cane, you’ll need to order it from a supplier that is enrolled in Medicare and accepts Medicare assignment.