January 10th 2024
By Ari Parker
Read this complete guide to understanding IRMAA and Medicare, including how to calculate IRMAA for Part B and Part D and how to appeal IRMAA charges.
By Ari Parker
Medicare is not always easy to navigate, especially with a large number of rules, penalties, and other extra charges. Knowing what Medicare costs to expect is an important part of retirement planning.
While most people pay the standard Part B premium and the base Part D premium for the prescription drug plan they choose, some high-earning Medicare beneficiaries pay higher Medicare premiums due to IRMAA. In this post, we’ll explain how IRMAA (income-related monthly adjustment amount) works. You’ll learn if you’ll be responsible for IRMAA, how much extra you may be charged for your Medicare premiums, and how to handle Medicare IRMAA appeals.
IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount) is an additional charge you have to pay for Medicare Part B and Part D if you make more than $106,000 filing solo or $212,000 filing jointly.
You can appeal your IRMAA cost if you experience a life-changing event.
Beneficiaries on Medicare Advantage will also have to pay IRMAA costs.
IRMAA stands for Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount. IRMAA is an additional cost for Medicare beneficiaries who have higher incomes. Most Medicare beneficiaries are not subject to IRMAA—only 5% are. If you are subject to IRMAA, your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums will be higher.
In 2025, the standard monthly Medicare Part B premium is $185 per month, but those who have a higher salary will have an IRMAA charge and will have to pay more. Medicare Part B IRMAA charges range from $74 to $443.90. Premiums vary for Part D coverage, but there will also be an IRMAA charge. Medicare Part D IRMAA charges range from $13.70 to $85.80.
When determining if you’re subject to IRMAA, the government will consider your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) from two years prior. We outline the specific IRMAA income brackets and Medicare premium surcharges in a chart later on in this piece.
Not all of your income is considered when determining your MAGI for IRMAA charges on Medicare. The following income sources do not count when calculating how much you make for IRMAA purposes:
Distributions from Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s
Health savings accounts
Life insurance
Income sources that do count toward your MAGI and IRMAA charges include:
Earned income
Interest
Required minimum distributions
Capital gains
IRMAA charges are recalculated every year. If you recently sold a house and have capital gains, you’d have to pay a higher IRMAA cost, but you can expect it to decrease the year after.
Your IRMAA charges are determined by your tax returns from two years prior (e.g., in 2025, your MAGI will be based on your 2023 tax return).
If your modified adjusted gross income is less than $106,000 (for individuals) or $212,000 (for those who file jointly), then you do not owe an IRMAA surcharge for Medicare Part B and Medicare Part D.
If you earned more than $106,000, or if you and your spouse earned more than $212,000 jointly in 2023, you do owe IRMAA surcharges in addition to the standard Part B and Part D premiums for 2025.
Your income two years ago doesn’t necessarily reflect how much you make currently if you’re still working. There may also be other life changes that affect how much money you have currently. For these reasons, you can appeal your IRMAA and reduce or eliminate the fees. We’ll explain how to appeal your IRMAA charges later in this article.
In 2025, you’ll need to pay the Part B and Part D IRMAA charges if you make more than $106,000 filing solo or $212,000 filing jointly. There are different IRMAA costs based on how much money you or you and your spouse make. Here’s a breakdown of what the Part B and Part D monthly IRMAA surcharges would be based on your income. This surcharge is what you will pay on top of your monthly premium.
| Single Modified Annual Gross Income (2022) | Married/Filing Jointly Modified Annual Gross Income (2022) | Part B Premium IRMAA Surcharge | Part D Premium IRMAA Surcharge |
|---|---|---|---|
| $106,000 or less | $212,000 or less | $0 | $0 |
| $106,001 - $133,000 | $212,001 - $266,000 | $74.00 | $13.70 |
| $133,001 - $167,000 | $266,001 - $334,000 | $185.00 | $35.30 |
| $167,001 - $200,000 | $334,001 - $400,000 | $295.90 | $57.00 |
| $200,001 - $499,999 | $400,001 - $749,999 | $406.90 | $78.60 |
| $500,000 or more | $750,000 or more | $443.90 | $85.80 |
How you pay IRMAA surcharges depends on whether or not you’re taking Social Security.
If you’re a high earner who is not taking Social Security:
When you first start Medicare, your IRMAA charge will be billed separately from your first Medicare Part B bill. While it can be confusing, it’s important that you pay both invoices. If you don’t, your Part B and/or Part D insurance will get canceled.
After this initial billing, you can expect one invoice for your Medicare Part B and Medicare Part D premiums, which you’ll receive on a quarterly basis.
If you’re a high earner collecting Social Security benefits, the additional charges from IRMAA will be taken from your Social Security payments automatically.
You can reduce or eliminate your IRMAA charges with an appeal if your 2025 income is much lower than your 2023 income. To qualify for appeal to lower your IRMAA, you must experience at least one of the following life-changing events:
You get married
You get a divorce/annulment
Your spouse passes away
You stop working
You work less or part-time
You lose income-producing property
You lose pension
You get an employer settlement
If you experience one of these life events, you can appeal IRMAA charges by filling out Form SSA-44 found on the Social Security government website or at your local Social Security office. If the appeal is accepted, Social Security will determine your IRMAA charge based on your current year’s income instead of your 2023 income.
After you complete the IRMAA appeal form, send it by fax or certified mail to your local Social Security office. You should hear back within four to six weeks. You can also set up an interview appointment with your local office.
Medicare Advantage replaces Part A and Part B, but that doesn’t mean you can get off the hook for IRMAA charges. Those on Medicare Advantage still need to pay Part B premiums, and most Medicare Advantage plans also include Part D coverage. If you’re on a Medicare Advantage plan with Part D coverage, you’ll still have to pay IRMAA charges for both Part B and Part D.
Being surprised at what you have to pay for Medicare is frustrating, and an IRMAA charge can feel like one more thing to keep track of when it comes to taking care of your health. Get peace of mind and understand the exact costs of your Medicare plan with a licensed Chapter Advisor. Call us at (855) 900-2427 or schedule a time to talk.
